![]() ![]() In general, superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role in ROS degradation. ziziphi would provide many valid clues for exploiting their weaknesses to prevent their invasion into host plant.ĭuring jujube-phytoplasma interaction process, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced in jujube tissues and then the antioxidant defense system was obviously triggered to protect the jujube cell from the ROS damage. At present, trunk injection with antibiotic is the main solution to cure JWB-diseased trees, but the solution can’t prevent the infection of new healthy trees. The large-scale destruction by JWB has caused huge economic and ecological losses in jujube production. ziziphi mainly transmit through insect vectors, such as Hishimonus sellatus Uhler, Hishimonoides aurifacialis Kuoh and Typhlocyba sp. ziziphi, thus the disease exhibits highly infectious in jujube orchards. Moreover, most jujube cultivars are sensitive to Ca. And the diseased trees can’t bear fruit and then died within 2–3 years. JWB is a typical disease associated with phytoplasma, the diseased trees exhibit a variety of symptoms, such as small and etiolated leaves, phyllody and witches’ broom. Jujube is widely grown in Asia and represents one of the most economically important fruit trees for achieving poverty alleviation in arid and semiarid areas. Jujube witches’ broom (JWB) in jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is associated with subgroup 16SrV-B ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma ziziphi’ (‘ Ca. Hence, the new phytoplasma genome will expand the number of phytoplasma species. According to homology comparative analysis, the lower conservation among phytoplasma genomes indicated their huge diversity at the genome level. Based on the latest progress in phytoplasma taxonomy, the genetically diverse phytoplasma have been classified into 37 groups from three aspects (nomenclature, classification, identification). To date, more than 30 phytoplasma completed or drafted genomes have been published (Supplementary file-Table S1), and these data indicate that they have small genomes lacking many metabolic pathways. It will further facilitate the comparative genomics analysis among the phytoplasma species. However, high throughput genome sequencing was adopted as a powerful tool to characterize these bacteria. Lacking of axenic phytoplasma culture is contributed for the phytoplasmas biological character progress lagged in comparison to cultivable bacteria. They are naturally transmitted by phloem-feeding insects of vectors, mainly leafhoppers (Cicadellidae), plant hoppers (Fulgoroidea) and psyllids (Psyllidae). Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less phytopathogenic bacteria and the diseases associated with phytoplasmas have posed a serious threat to several hundred economically important plants production. ziziphi, but also contribute to exploring its pathogenic mechanism. Taken together, the genome will not only expand the number of phytoplasma species and provide some new information about Ca. ziziphi was positively correlated with the phytoplasma concentration. ![]() The genes involved in sec-dependent protein translocation system were also identified.The expressions of nine FtsHs encoding membrane associated ATP-dependent Zn proteases and Mn-SodA with redox capacity in the Ca. The genome exhibited a strongly reduced ability in metabolic synthesis, while the genes encoding transporter systems were well developed. The ENc-GC3s analysis among the 9 phytoplasmas showed a greater effect under the selection on the CUBs of phytoplasmas genes than mutation and other factors. The synonymous codon usage bias (CUB) patterns by using comparative genomics analysis among the 9 phytoplasmas were similar for most codons. Notably, extra 19,825 bp (from 621,995 to 641,819 bp) compared to the previously reported one complements the genes involved in glycolysis, such as pdhA, pdhB, pdhC, pdhD, ackA, pduL and LDH. Here we report the complete ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma ziziphi’ chromosome of strain Hebei-2018, which is a circular genome of 764,108-base pairs with 735 predicted CDS. Jujube witches’ broom (JWB) associated with phytoplasma is a destructive disease of jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Phytoplasmas are obligate cell wall-less prokaryotic bacteria that primarily multiply in plant phloem tissue. ![]()
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